Moreover, Plaintiffs aver that they have never seen any policy, procedure, or writing that indicates they are entitled to a thirty-minute meal period per shift. Plaintiffs brought their complaint on July 1, 2001, alleging that the Town's method of calculating overtime wages violated the FLSA because it failed to include contractually-guaranteed wage augments when calculating overtime pay. Thus the Town argues that the only way to calculate FLSA liability correctly in this case is to proceed with a jury trial to determine, person by person and day by day, how many bona fide meal periods each of the forty-nine Plaintiffs was allowed over a sixyear period. Since then, she has worked as a writer-reporter on the Human Interest team and an associate editor on the TV team. 3, Pls.' 85, Defs.' Trainer, Trained with Mass State Police Tactical Response Team for Active Shooter in 2016, 2017 and (April) 2018, Trained with James Markowski (ATF Tactical Team Member) in Active Shooter Response in 2014 and 2015, Attended numerous Massachusetts Juvenile Police Officers Association (MJPOA) conferences on Active Shooter Situations in Schools and Threat Assessment, Received four letters of commendation from the Agawam Police Department, Letter of recognition from Windsor Locks Police Department for apprehension and conviction of murder suspect, Letter of recognition from Sonitrol Alarm Company for apprehension of two suspects for burglary, Letter of recognition from Attorney Generals Office for duties performed at Ground Zero after the 911 attacks, Letter of recognition from Lynn Police Department for apprehension of a suspect in a shooting of four individuals, January 23, 2018 CityStage and Symphony Hall Active Shooter Training and Presentation, June 8, 2018 New England Synod Conference at the Mass Mutual Center Place of Worship Active Shooter Training. . The other "approved method" for calculating the regular rate according to the Department of Labor's FLSA regulations is the "fixed weekly salary" method. Agawam Police Chief Eric Gillis confirmed with 22News an investigation was underway, however he could not release details on the nature of the probe. DeWolf has over 20 years of experience as a member of UMPD, including six as lieutenant and the past two in the role of interim deputy chief of operations. This submission will also include a status report on the pending state administrative proceedings regarding the Town's adoption of the 27-day "work period" exception. Plaintiffs argue that roll call pay must be included with the other wage augments because it does not fall under any of the exceptions listed in 29 U.S.C. Reich v. S. New Eng. He earned a bachelors degree in psychology from Clark University. Garcia was hired in July 2022 and attended the Boylston Police Academy from July - December 2022. Officers work eight hour shifts; an additional ten minutes per shift is spent attending roll call. When Plaintiffs first brought this suit, roll call pay was distributed as an annual lump-sum payment; in the spring of 2004, pursuant to the First Circuit's ruling in the appeal of this case, Defendants began making roll call payments on a weekly basis. Because Plaintiffs' work schedule does not correspond to a calendar week and their payment schedule is not aligned with their six-day work schedule, a regular rate calculation that relies on the calendar week produces an anomalous result. O'Brien, 350 F.3d at 290 (rejecting application of the "fluctuating workweek" calculation method in part because the Town's method of calculating overtime is premised on assumptions inconsistent with 778.114). 9 per 1k residents, ^ Higher Arrest Rate for Low Level Offenses than 22% of Depts. Plaintiffs, forty-nine current and former patrolmen employed by Defendants, the Town of Agawam and the Agawam Police Department (collectively, the "Town"), have brought suit against the Town alleging violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act ("FLSA" or the "Act"), 29 U.S.C. Velez-Rivera v. Agosto-Alicea, 437 F.3d 145, 150 (1st Cir.2006) (quotation omitted). Rankings are based upon a 0 to 100 percentage scale. Nonetheless, pursuant to the Portal-to-Portal Act, if an employer makes a showing of "good faith" or demonstrates "reasonable grounds" for believing that it was not violating the Act, the court has discretion to award no liquidated damages or to award a smaller sum as liquidated damages. $5.37M Technical application of the regulations produces an anomalous result, namely a "regular rate" that varies from week to week. 29 U.S.C. . Plaintiffs contend that the regular rate is to be calculated by adding salary, wage augments, and roll call pay, then dividing by 1950. See 29 U.S.C. Instead, Defendants' lengthy submission includes numerous substantive arguments complete with citations to case law and federal regulations. This agency did not reportedly kill anyone from 2013-21. July 14, 2006. Address and Phone Number for Agawam Police Department, a Police Department, at Springfield Street, Agawam MA. View map of Agawam Police Department, and get driving directions from your location. Find Arrest Records, Police Records, and Warrants related to Agawam Police Department. Auger received his bachelors degree in criminal justice with a minor in psychology from Westfield State University. Email: passllc@comcast.net, About /Contact McCarthy v. Nw. for handling general cargo during the basic, normal, or regular workday and $7.50 per hour for like work outside of such workday, the extra $2.50 . National Resources |, | See S. New Eng. See Anderson v. Mt. Id. Thus, regardless of how Defendants choose to calculate contractual overtime, the court will rely on the equation that uses the traditional "time and one-half" formulation set forth in the CBA and reflects the number of scheduled hours worked by Plaintiffs (salary divided by 1950 and multiplied by 1.5). We were all in it together, and I couldnt be happier for them.". WebThe estimated salary for a Police Officer is $51,591 per year in Agawam, MA. The new UMPD officers who took their oath of office and received their badges are: Auger was hired in October 2022 and attended the Western Mass Regional Police Academy from Oct. 2022 - March 2023. For the reasons set forth below, the court will allow Plaintiffs motion for partial summary judgment with certain modifications, but will deny injunctive relief without prejudice. According to the Town, the Union raised the question of meal periods during the 2001 or 2002 collective bargaining. WebAgawam Police Department (413) 786-4767 : 2 nd Vice President: Chief Christopher D. Delmonte Bridgewater Police Department (508) 697-0918: 3 rd Vice President: Chief John F. Carmichael, Jr. Newton Police Department (617) 796-2101: Sergeant-at-Arms: Chief Shane Woodson Southbridge Police Department Website by Market Mentors, Certified in Active Shooter/A.L.I.C.E. McAllister is a decorated veteran of the U.S. Army, a member of the UMPD motorcycle unit and a first responder trainer. He went on to say that people want the reform to happen, however it cant be done in one day; it takes time. A | B | C | Muoz received her B.S. He is also a senior airman and public affairs specialist for the U.S. Air Force Reserve at Westover Air Reserve Base. In addition, Defendants' approach moves a step towards the fluctuating workweek method explicitly rejected by the First Circuit by appearing to recognize different rates for different weeks and then cherry-picking the weeks whose inclusion in the calculation of the regular rate would be most beneficial to Defendants. Robert R. Reich, Secretary of Labor, United States Department of , Robert B. Reich, Secretary of Labor, U.S. Department of Labor . Plaintiffs contend that they cannot be penalized for Defendants' failure to keep accurate records prior to December 2003. 91, Defs.' (Campbell Aff. When they take meal periods, officers must notify dispatchers that they will be out of service and must inform the dispatchers of their location during their breaks. The court must then "view the facts in the light most favorable to the non-moving party" and draw "all reasonable inferences in that party's favor." Thus regardless of the regular rate calculation, the measuring rod for statutory liability remains the individual workweek. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your device and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. to be interpreted narrowly against the employer, and the employer bears the burden of showing that an exception applies." Sgt. In deciding whether to grant an injunction, a court. As a result, in some calendar weeks an employee may work four eight-hour shifts, i.e., thirty-two hours plus roll call time, while in others he may work five shifts, i.e., forty hours plus roll call time. (See Dkt. The purpose of the CBA is "to set forth . Officers tried stopping the vehicle and followed the driver, later identified as Anthony Pavone, of Agawam, for more than two miles before it stopped on High Street. . | Lauren LeBelllebel@thereminder.com, AGAWAM Across the state of Massachusetts, police reforms have taken place after Gov. Roll call pay must therefore be included in the regular rate calculation. Feeding Hills, MA. The Town contends that during five-shift weeks, Plaintiffs usually only work 37.5 regularly scheduled hours, because they have a daily thirty-minute meal period. Hoyt was hired in February 2020, shortly before the COVID-19 pandemic-induced campus shutdown. Because the application of the 207(k) partial law enforcement exception would, if upheld, change the prospective overtime calculations in this case, only retrospective relief is appropriate at this time. Call: 413-519-3908 See, e.g., Mayhew v. Wells, 125 F.3d 216, 220 (4th Cir.1997); Local 246 Util. By Jenna 778 is an interpretative bulletin that "does not command formal deference from this court"). 90, Tbl. I just ran into the house ready to help," he explains. 1991). Clemens Pottery Co., 328 U.S. 680, 687, 66 S. Ct. 1187, 90 L. Ed. A | B | C | This case is also clearly distinguishable from O'Hara, 253 F. Supp. Strictly applied, the regulations in this case might lead to this disturbing outcome. Over the span of his career, Deputy Chief DeWolf has demonstrated his dedication to the department and to the university, says Parham. Rather, Plaintiffs are paid based on an annual salary that both parties agree is intended to compensate 1950 hours. Police also determined that the vehicle Pavone was driving was reported stolen out of Lawrence. AGAWAM Across the state of Massachusetts, police reforms have taken place after Gov. Mapping Police Violence, Source: AGAWAM, Mass. APD Officer Jeffrey Hichborn, who has organized NNO activities for the past two years, said there was a lot of enthusiasm for this years event. No. Plaintiffs are current and former patrolmen employed by the Town of Agawam. 207(k), because the Town was not subject to this exception. What a way to ring in the new year! Since it is undisputed that Plaintiffs' annual salary is actually based on 1950 hours per year, Defendants' argument parts company with reality. The court also held that the Town must include roll call time in the officers' weekly hours worked and "compensate the officers accordingly (including overtime premiums when applicable)."[6]Id. Id. *6 The CBA establishes the standard work schedule for Plaintiffs. Reich v. Newspapers of New Eng., Inc., 44 F.3d 1060, 1081 (1st Cir.1995) (quotation omitted). Id. It was later returned to its owner, Clark said. 2d 147, 155-56 (D.Mass.2003) (collecting cases). murder cases more often, hold officers more accountable and spend less on policing overall. Moreover, it has the effect of reducing Defendants' liability by artificially lowering the hourly rate. State Resources | The Court of Appeals declined to address issues of damages and other related remedies, remanding these matters to the district court for further consideration. McAllister was hired in December 2019 and attended the Springfield Police Academy from December 2019 - April 2020. Regardless of any variation in hours worked, however, Plaintiffs receive 1/52 of their salary each week. When he first arrived at the couple's home, Hall says he wasnt nervous because he didn't know how far along the mother was in her labor, but soon realized things were progressing very quickly. "There are good and bad people in this society that we, as police, interact with every single day just as there are good and bad police officers that the public interacts with every single day," he says. "He was literally beaming! No. Police saw a gray Honda CRV speeding south down Main Street in Reading around 7:12 p.m. on Saturday, Feb. 18, Police Chief David J. Clark reports. Davis was hired in July 2022 and attended the Boylston Police Academy from July - December 2022. According to the Town, the post-2003 records show that Plaintiffs actually spent an average of 1.75 hours in court on days for which they were paid for 4 hours of court time. Police Presence/Over-Policing (Officers per Population), Unarmed Victims of Deadly Force per Arrest. Departments with higher scores use less force , make fewer arrests for low level The rate "cannot be stipulated by the parties" but "must be discerned from what actually happens under the governing employment contract." Police Officer Memorials || We are still working to obtain comprehensive data from every jurisdiction in the nation. 41 Hearthstone Drive Plaintiffs were not hired "with the understanding" that weekly salary would cover a fixed schedule of work-weeks with alternating lengths. Agawam is the home office of the Department of Veterans Services for the Western Hampden District, which includes the towns of Agawam, Southwick, Granville, Russell and Tolland. The Agawam Water Department is responsible for distributing drinking water for the Town of Agawam. 2023 University of Massachusetts Amherst. 215. Liquidated damages are the norm under the Act. Plaintiffs also receive other forms of compensation under the CBA, including longevity pay, shift differential pay, career incentive pay, and roll call pay. We Its not something many police officers witness.". 75, Ex. On January 7, 2003, this court issued an order allowing Defendants' motion. TOWN OF AGAWAM and Agawam Police Department, Defendants. 201 et seq. 114. ", Speaking to PEOPLE after the exciting encounter, Hall, 34, says the moment was surreal and was "unlike anything I've ever felt. Site Map | and Posk was hired in October 2022 and attended the Western Mass Regional Police Academy from October 2022 - March 2023. Roll call will be addressed below. 0 You can find out more and change our default settings with Cookies Settings. WebIn light of the Covid-19 Pandemic and the orders from Gov. As Hall reflects on the happy moment, he says he hopes the story will uplift people and prove that not all cops are bad. He was previously employed as a correctional officer for the Hampden County Sheriffs Department and also has customer service and managerial experience in the banking industry. So far, Gillis said they havent had any problems but in about three years, they will see the true impact that the police reform has had. Under the Act, an employer who violates 207. at 284. The law requires that if a police officer is exploiting use of excessive force, another officer must both intervene and report it. *7 The CBA makes no reference to a meal period for Plaintiffs. Posk previously worked as a security agent for MassGrow in Athol, a safety/security specialist for Athol Hospital and an officer intern for the Athol Police Department. AGAWAM, Mass. July 14th, 2006, Precedential Status: See also O'Brien, 350 F.3d at 283 ("[T]he Town calculates each officer's overtime rate simply by dividing the officer's annual salary by 1950, which is the expected number of regular shift hours during the calendar year, and then multiplying the resulting hourly rate by 1.5."). Davis received his bachelors degree in movement science from Westfield State University and his Masters in Education from Springfield College. *4John D. Connor, Moriarty & Connor, Springfield, MA, for Plaintiffs. Id. The First Circuit held that summary judgment was proper as to supervisory officers because they were exempt from FLSA overtime requirements. 01-30126-MAP. [9], Plaintiffs vigorously contest the existence of a meal period, and the Town concedes that Plaintiffs do not always have thirty-minute meal breaks. However, a better view is that the examples of "fixed weekly salary" calculations in the regulations offer a poor fit with the facts of this case. [7] As noted above, contractual overtime is calculated by dividing annual salary by 1950 hours and then multiplying the resulting rate by 1.5. The parties also affirm in a merger clause that the "agreement incorporates the entire understanding of the parties on all matters which were or could have been the subject of negotiations." 216(b) (emphasis added). The burden then "shifts to the nonmoving party, with respect to each issue on which he has the burden of proof, to demonstrate that a trier of fact reasonably could find in his favor." (See, e.g., Dkt. 9.1 (emphasis added).) . O'Brien, 350 F.3d at 298. . In fact, the Town has stated explicitly that a liability calculation premised on the assumption that Plaintiffs always take thirty-minute breaks would be incorrect. Family of 6, Including Trapped Baby, Saved from Indiana House Fire: 'Please Don't Drop Her', 'Bachelor' Host Jesse Palmer Admits the Franchise Has 'Done a Very Poor Job' of 'Addressing Serious Topics', Zach Ertz and Julie Ertz's Relationship Timeline, Doula Uses Video Chat to Help Couple Deliver Baby at Home During Blizzard, Says Parents Did 'Amazing', Police Officer Delivers 5th Baby in 5 Years After Responding to 911 Call in N.Y.: 'Baby Whisperer', FOX News' Hillary Vaughn and Peter Doocy Welcome Baby Girl: 'Best Assignment I've Ever Had', Newborn Baby Girl Abandoned at Birth Found Alive 'by the Grace of God' in Florida Woods, N.Y. He previously worked for the Hampshire County Sheriffs Office as a Community Justice Support Center security/lab technician. in criminal justice in 2021 from Westfield State University, where she is currently pursuing her master's in criminal justice. Without going into detail it is worth noting that this contention appears to rely on some unrealistically aggressive arithmetic. Thus the definition of "hours of work" and the use of the word "duty" to describe the non-roll call portion of each shift demonstrate the parties' understanding that Plaintiffs perform their functions as police officers for a full eight hours each day.[11]. Latinx people were 3.2x more likely Rising through the ranks, his time as a patrol sergeant, safety/crime prevention officer and narcotics supervisor, in particular, uniquely qualify him for his role of instructor with Protective Advanced Safety Services (PASS), an organization he co-founded with John Nettis. Corp., 121 F.3d 58, 69 (2d Cir.1997). O'Brien, 350 F.3d at 287. 404 (the "Union"), and the. . the basic agreement covering the rates of pay, hours of work, and other conditions of employment to be observed between the parties." As noted, the First Circuit found this "fluctuating workweek" analysis inappropriate on the facts of this case. Both parties agree that Plaintiffs receive an annual salary intended to compensate 1950 hours per year. the police department wrote in the post. . It was built using data from state and federal databases, public records requests to local police departments, and media reports. Mem. N/A every 10k arrests, Source: "Calculation of the correct `regular rate' is the linchpin of the FLSA overtime requirement." ", "At the end of the day, all cops want to do is help make their communities a little bit better for future generations," he continues. Whats with all the seagulls in downtown Providence? Id. 3 in Car on the Way to the Hospital: 'We Got Stuck in Traffic', Lifeguard, 18, Helps Deliver 'Beautiful Baby Boy' on YMCA Pool Deck: 'So Glad the Baby Is Okay,' Teen Says, McDonald's Employees Who Helped Deliver Newborn in Bathroom Host Baby Shower for 'Little Nugget', Paramedics 'Provided Life-Saving Measures' After Baby Exposed to Fentanyl at San Francisco Park, 10-Year-Old Missouri Girl Named Miracle Helps Deliver Baby After Mom Goes Into Labor at Home, See All of the Celebrity Babies Born in 2020, Identical Twins Welcome First Babies on Same Day, Hours Apart: 'Just Feels Like It Was Supposed to Be'. See O'Brien, 350 F.3d 279. O'Brien, 350 F.3d at 298 (noting that 29 C.F.R. He also worked as a patrol officer at Baystate Franklin Medical Center in Greenfield and was a part-time security officer at Deerfield Academy. While police data is never perfect, and there are additional indicators that still need to be tracked, the Police Scorecard is designed to provide insight into many important issues in policing. Prior to that, he served as a dispatcher and reserve intermittent officer with the Palmer PD. Gillis explained that the best example of this is the elimination of chokeholds, although this hasnt been used in the commonwealth for nearly 15 to 20 years. "Shift hours" are defined separately, and they consist of eight hours and ten minutes daily, the extra ten minutes being the time spent at roll call and therefore not on duty. 778.206; see also O'Brien, 350 F.3d at 297 (noting that the roll call "payment under the CBA works out to less than one-and-one-half times the officers' regular rate of pay."). Track progress and hold cities accountable to results. Departments with higher scores use With respect to the non-supervisory *8 officers, however, the Court of Appeals rejected each of the three grounds on which this court relied in granting summary judgment and remanded the claims for further proceedings. Uniform Crime Report, 2,136 Arrests Civil Action No. Steven Grasso is a seasoned law enforcement officer from the Agawam Police Department. Officials: no foul play suspected in Agawam body investigation Theres new information on a story we first brought to you as breaking news Monday morning. No. Protective Advanced Safety Services See O'Brien, 350 F.3d at 298 (citing 29 C.F.R. Proposed Declaratory J. 1). Use of and/or registration on any portion of this site constitutes acceptance of our. Specifically, roll call pay does not fall under the exception in 207(e)(5), because it is not paid at a premium rate. By Tristan Smith Agawam police Edison Co., 83 F.3d 292, 297 (9th Cir.1996). This rate therefore does not include any of the wage augments at issue in this case, namely shift-differential pay, longevity pay, and career-incentive pay. By contrast, an officer only becomes eligible for FLSA overtime when he works for more than forty hours. MEMORANDUM AND ORDER REGARDING PLAINTIFFS' MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT AS TO DAMAGES (Dkt. | No. | (See, e.g., Chenevert Aff. Both parties agree that Plaintiffs ale owed the difference, if any, between contractual overtime and FLSA overtime. P | Q | R | No. See O'Brien, 350 F.3d at 289 (discussing the fact that only the premium portion of the contractual overtime rate is deemed "overtime" pay that may be offset against any statutory overtime liability in the same week); 29 C.F.R. Civil Action No. | Of all the changes that come with the reform, Gillis claimed, The biggest is the elimination of part-time officers. This includes the officers that Agawam relies on for traffic control and more importantly, Six Flags traffic. | WebSteven Grasso - Protective Advanced Safety Services Steven Grasso Owner and Founder, Protective Advanced Safety Services (PASS) Bio Steven Grasso is a seasoned law enforcement officer from the Agawam Police Department. M | N | O | Plaintiffs also charged that Defendants' practice of compensating roll call time through annual lump sum payments, rather than as weekly overtime, violated the Act. Application of these regulations presents a special challenge in this case. *4 John D. Connor, Moriarty & Connor, Springfield, MA, for Plaintiffs. The court will withhold an order of prospective relief at this time, without prejudice to a renewed motion at a later date. ), Although the Town believes Plaintiffs know they are entitled to a meal break, Plaintiffs assert that they have no such understanding. show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Employees receive 1/52 of their annual salary each week, regardless of how many scheduled hours (i.e., thirty-two or forty) they work in a specific week. Pac. Police Chief Eric Gillis said, [The reform] forced us to rewrite and distribute policies to officers.. Employees are then paid half-time (50%) for any hours worked beyond forty per week. A sponsored link to your web site could be here for a one-time fee of $50.00. "We're all proud of him! G | H | I | No. Post-2003 records suggest that on many days for which Plaintiffs were paid for four hours of court time, they spent less than four hours actually in attendance at court. In essence, this creates a more onerous task for someone else. O'Hara v. Menino, 253 F. Supp. The UMass Amherst Police Department held a swearing-in and badge pinning ceremony for nine new officers and celebrated the promotion of a longtime member of the UMPD on April 23. | ", "I was there to help bring a new life brought into this world, all while trying to remain calm for the nervous parents," he recalls. 76, Defs.' 2023 PASS | All Rights Reserved Town. ", "Anyone can clearly see how hes beaming with pride in that photo, as he should be," she adds of the image posted by the APD. The resulting *12 hourly rate accurately reflects "what actually happens under the governing employment contract," see O'Brien, 350 F.3d 294, and does not distort the result in this case. To summarize, the FLSA regular rate is to be calculated as the sum of annual salary, wage augments (shift-differential pay, longevity pay, and career-incentive pay), and roll call pay, divided by the annual hours that those payments are intended to cover (1950 plus roll call time). 74, Ex. South Hadley Fire District 2 receives federal | Update as new federal, state and local data are collected. . [5] On August 1, 2005, the Town implemented a 27-day "work period" pursuant to 29 U.S.C. Corp., 121 F.3d 58, 69 (2d Cir.1997) ("It is well-settled that when an employer fails to keep adequate records of its employees' compensable work periods, as required under the FLSA, employees seeking recovery for overdue Wages will not be penalties due to their employer's record-keeping default"). This formula produces the same result as dividing by 1950 and multiplying by 1.5. Telecomms. Prior to joining the UMPD, Auger worked for more than three years as a corrections officer for the Hampden County Sheriffs Department. Agawam, MA 01001, Hours: MonFri 9AM5PM Roll call pay is a payment compensating officers for the time spent at roll call before each shift. in criminal justice with a minor in psychology from Westfield State University. It's a nice change-a happy call instead of the usual stuff!!" Add A Link | [12], Under the terms of the CBA, Plaintiffs are paid a minimum of four hours contractual overtime when they are required to attend court. The UMass Amherst Police Department held a swearing-in and badge pinning ceremony for nine new officers and celebrated the promotion of a longtime member of the . at 287-88. art. Plaintiffs will submit a specific calculation of damages through July 31, 2005, using the guidelines set forth in this order, no later than August 21, 2006. ; see also 29 C.F.R. Inform data-driven solutions nationwide. N/A Ruled in Favor of Civilians, N/A Reported 77, Defs.' [12] Defendants place particular emphasis on the meal time issue, because they argue that if they prevail on this question, the resulting calculations would eliminate any monetary liability to Plaintiffs. | He was eventuallychased down and taken into custody, Clark said. D | E | F | "Its so nice to get positive feedback from the community, especially during a time when most of what the world seems to focus on lately is only the negative. [14] Plaintiffs have already adjusted their calculations for the period after December 2003 to reflect the difference between contractual overtime (four hour minimum) and statutory overtime (actual time spent in court). 4; see also Dkt. salary . The facts are set forth in the light most favorable to Defendants, the non-moving party.[1]. In contrast to O'Hara, the officers in this case worked under a CBA that explicitly defined "hours of work" to include the time allegedly spent on meal breaks. For example, cities with higher rates of low level arrests could benefit most from solutions that create alternatives to policing and arrest for these offenses. The FLSA authorizes a court to issue injunctions for violations of 207. Similarly, the Court of Appeals found that the Town could not claim overpayment based on the application of the partial overtime exemption for law enforcement officers under 29 U.S.C.
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