Emissions are assigned to industries based on the NAICS reported by each facility. 11:25-11:30. The Recycling Economic Information (REI) Report, a primary output of the Recycling Economic Information (REI) Projectrelieson environmental and economic input-output methodologies for estimating environmental and economic impacts associated with recycling. The environmental datasets not updated since v1.2 include the Commercial non-hazardous waste excluding construction activities, Commercial non-hazardous waste from construction activities, Nitrogen and Phosphorus Releases from Agriculture, Pesticide releases, Mineral extraction, and Energy extraction (Table2). The decrease is more notable in electricity and transportation sectors. 5, where xi,z is the year industry output for industry i in the currency year, z, corresponding to the year of the national flow totals. The factors are described below: CO 2 emission factors for electricity and heat generation for world countries (in CO 2 per kWh, 1990 to 2019). Contact. In v2.0, Scrap is left in the model to simplify the accounting procedures, but we do not recommend use of multipliers generated from Scrap because of the lack of a clear material or functional characterization of this commodity. Read more in their carbon methodology, available on their carbon footprint site. Data are assigned to sectors based on facility-reported NAICS. Li, M., Ingwersen, W., Young, B., Vendries, J. The GHG Emission Factors Hub provides factors for several scope 3 categories and indicates the calculation methods with which the factors align. For the Scrap (S00401) commodity, the entirety of the production value is assigned to the Material separation/recovery facilities (562920) industry, under the assumption that these facilities are the ones responsible for recovering scrap during waste management. Young, B. et al. The Use table columns represent the inputs that the IO industries need to produce their output. The name changes are made because BEA uses the same names for commodities as those used for the respective industries (industries and commodities share the same codes), which are derived from the NAICS industry names, and the assignment of names better fit to describe a commodity rather than an industry adds clarity to commodity representation in the model. The v1.2 model data used here for comparison were acquired from the USEEIO-API. In Eq. 6, 3392, https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03392 (2021). Ingwersen, W., Yang, Y., Gilkey, K. & Li, M. USEEIOv1.1 - Satellite Tables. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524312 (2021). The values in v2.0 resulting from Eq. The water methodology in the Water Use Satellite table compiled for v1.1 tracked water returns, allowing for the calculation of water consumption by industry. Two matrices are provided that enable price adjustments in the model coefficient matrices (B, D, M, or N). Additionally, there are changes to methods of allocation. If a facility reports a NAICS code that is no longer valid, emissions are allocated equally across one or more relevant NAICS from the 2012 schema. Parallel decreases to that seen in ACID can be seen in the SMOG indicator. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment (2023), Scientific Data (Sci Data) U.S. EPA Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for U.S. Commodities and Industries The U.S. EPA Supply Chain Emission Factors for U.S. Industries and Commodities dataset is a comprehensive set of supply chain emission factors covering all categories of goods and services in the U.S. economy. The greatest discrepancies in land use impact intensities between the two models occur in agricultural industries, with a decrease in intensity for Cattle ranches and feedlots and an increase in intensity for Animal farms and aquaculture ponds (except cattle and poultry) and Timber and raw forest products. All flows in these published datasets, except those from the commercial waste datasets which are waste flows and not elementary flows, were mapped to the FEDEFLv1.0.7. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524316 (2021). Additionally, to support the use of the FEDEFL for the new environmental data, flows used in the indicators also were updated to correspond to the FEDEFL. Complete Hr and Hf matrices with results for all indicators and by sector are available online73. Natural gas also saw a larger decrease relative to other sectors. Depending on the table resolution, these categories are further divided into one or more subcategories. For v2.0, we derive two primary final demand vectors, a production vector and a consumption vector. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. QCEW publishes national annual employment at the 6-digit NAICS; no additional allocation is required for use in v2.0. ipcc-efdb@iges.or.jp. 3.3), the Ld and a demand vector derived from Yd are used. Priscilla Halloran, Jarrod Bridge and David Meyer provided input to on USEEIO model updates. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1369615 (2017). This model was based on the 2007 input-output data with 385 commodities and mixed-year environmental data with the latest representing 2013. v1.1 added additional satellite tables and made methodological updates to some existing tables5,6. Supply Chain Greenhouse Gas Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities. The final perspective associates the totals with the final consumption sectors that drove that impact. The totals for household, investment, and government consumers in the Use table include consumption of direct imports as positive values. The final demand vectors represent purchases of goods and services by final consumers, including by households, investors and governments. 2016 emissions factors, which is the most recent data set available from the EPA EEIO database. Livestock water withdrawals are allocated proportionally using water use by animal type, calculated from the USDA animal inventory and national median water intake rates by animal type48,50. Therefore, selecting the correct project type is pivotal. When making these improvements, it is recommended to focus first on categories with the largest impact on the organizations total GHG inventory. This method for creating the A matrix is based on the industry- technology assumption, wherein the manufacture of the primary and any secondary commodities by an industry uses the same production requirements, and the commodity requirements are based therefore on the mix of industries that produce that commodity, weighted by their relative share of total commodity output16. Internet Explorer). L is in commodity x commodity form and represents the total inputs of commodities (rows) used to make a commodity (columns). The BEA Use table reports the data for final US demand by these consumers, grouping them at varying levels of resolution depending on the level of resolution of the Use table (i.e., sector, summary or detail). For xz to be in year y USD, the year of the IO data, x, must first be price adjusted using Eq. 34, where z is a vector of scores for each commodity, and h, calculated in Eq. Open Source Softw. In agricultural sectors, the consumption of other agricultural commodities are the primary drivers of SMOG. Depending on the data available for the location of product use, apply eGRID subregion or U.S. national average factors. These include values such as the carbon dioxide equivalencies of the flows that are greenhouse gases. This section describes data sources, algorithms for model construction, novel methodologies and software procedures used in the construction of USEEIO v2.0. It is further assumed that the Hazardous waste collection, treatment, and disposal sector (562HAZ) collects all hazardous waste using specialized equipment. Young, B., Birney, C. & Ingwersen, W. National point source releases to water by industry 2017 v1.1. Emissions from some activities relating to solvent utilization were omitted from this method due to challenges and quality of the allocation approach. Then calculate electricity emissions using emission factors in the EF Hub. All these data products were uploaded to the EPA Data Commons64 and are retrieved by useeior during model building as specified in the model configuration file. This level of aggregation prevents targeted analysis of various waste handling activities, such as material recovery (recycling). 2012 NAICS to 2007 NAICS Concordance. The Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) 2012 Detail IO tables10 define 405 commodity categories. Syst. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles The Use table is normalized by the industry output vector, x, to result in a commodity x industry direct requirements matrix. They allow for calculating the added value that each sector contributes to the final output of an economy. Coverage of these data used in v2.0 is equivalent to that from v1.2 as seen in Table2. EPA's supply chain GHG emission factors are based on US Environmentally-Extended Input-Output models and are presented in emissions per dollar of spend. The general equation for emissions estimation is: E = A x EF x (1-ER/100) where: E = emissions; A = activity rate; 10. Real time updates can be found in the useeior software repository. Following transformation of all satellite tables, environmental flows are compared across satellite tables to check for potential duplication. USEEIO Model Overview and EEIO Primer. Each demand vector was derived from the BEA Detail 2012 Use table. Emissions from purchased goods and services and capital goods represent a significant emissions source for many organizations. The three zeroes at the end of the BEA code for Waste management and remediation services indicate that it is at the 3-digit NAICS level. These factors are intended for quantifying emissions from purchased goods and services using the spend-based method defined in the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Technical Guidance for Calculating Scope 3 Emissions. Licensing. The most common sources listed in the table are: To apply the EF Hub scope 1 and 2 factors, the organization can first define the GHG generating activity for each relevant source category, then apply the appropriate factors for stationary combustion, mobile combustion, fugitive emissions, electricity, heat, or steam. Young, B. et al. The report states that a critical contribution is the development of a waste input-output model designed to capture the material inputs (production sectors like mining, energy, materials, parts and products) and outputs (waste and material separation and reprocessing, of products, services and wastes). & Birney, C. USEEIO v2.0.1-411. The same default set of indicators used in the SMM Prioritization Tools were used in this ranking for both models. Solley, W. B., Pierce, R. R. & Perlman, H. A. The National GHG Industry Attribution Model27 for year 2016 was used for developing the national GHG totals by industry, which is the same flow sector attribution model used for the recently published Supply Chain GHG emission factors1, but is an update from the previous GHG satellite tables included in v1 models. Technol. N is an indicator x sector matrix and contains in each row i the direct and indirect impact result per 1 USD output of sector j. The columns can later be modified with assumptions for individual commodity expenditures by the disaggregated waste management sectors as additional data is found. 4, 5. A main assumption in the disaggregation of waste management sectors is that the receivers of waste flows are being paid for waste treatment. developed the methodology and software programming in flowsa and performed data curation for all environmental data, and wrote associated sections of the manuscript. In v2.0, water for mining sectors is first attributed to 6-digit NAICS using employment data before mapped to BEA industry codes. The Make table columns represent which commodities are produced by different industries. Ingwersen, W. & Yang, Y. USEEIO v1.1 - Matrices. The final factors are available in the Supply Chain Emission Factors for US Industries and Commodities dataset. For v2.0, total value added per industry is taken directly from the same 2012 BEA Use table that is a source for the economic data. Public land statistics 2012. Expanding the definition of industrial water use allowed for calculation of impact intensities for industries not previously captured, such as industries within wholesale trade, retail trade, and professional and business services. Environmentally-extended input output (EEIO) models estimate energy use and/or GHG emissions resulting from the production and upstream value chain activities of different sectors and products within an economy. A series of coefficient matrices are provided that are products of combining more than one of the economic, physical flow, and indicator components. The economic outputs also checks for both models, except for the commodities Used and secondhand goods and Noncomparable imports, which have negative uses for balancing purposes in the Use table and therefore failures were expected. 2014 National Emissions Inventory Technical Support Document. In v1.1, releases from the DMR were limited to nutrient release of nitrogen and phosphorous. ADS J.V. - Government published carbon conversion factors. Garvey, T. & Ingwersen, W. USEEIO Elementary Flows and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors. Global warming potential (GWP) is a factor describing the radiative forcing impact (degree of harm to the atmosphere) of one unit of a given GHG, relative to one unit of CO 2 over a 100-year time horizon. We define consumption as final use within the US of all goods and services that are both produced and sold within the US or imported. That is, for each row in the waste management columns, the original value is multiplied by these default percentages and assigned to the corresponding disaggregated column along that row. Inventory of u.s. Greenhouse gas emissions and sinks: 19902016. Please click here to see any active alerts. The commodity is allocated proportionate to the allocation percentages used for the 562111, 562212, 562213, and 562920 sectors in the Use table row (commodity) totals. Emissions Factors 2022 is now available. On a Procurement Emissions Factor Set Item record, Sam sets the Economic Sector Category code that helps recognize the economic sector and GHG category combination, and the EEIO specified emissions factor that converts the dollars spent into tCOe. 56221: Most of the flows are to Hazardous waste disposal sector. Many environmental and employment data sources are available to characterize US industries at the needed level of detail for more recent years. The end products will not just benefit project partners in Georgia, but also include case studies and open-source resources for applying USEEIO in communities across the country. Top 20 commodities by composite impact score for models v2.0 and v1.2 calculated using (a) the total US production demand vector and the direct perspective and (b) using the total US consumption demand vector and the final perspective. Services to buildings and dwellings (561700): the entirety of the 562000 commodity produced by this sector is assigned to the Remediation services sector (562910), as it is assumed that the services provided by this sector deal with site-specific remediation. A similar effect can be seen in the increase in ETOX for Fresh vegetables, melons, and potatoes which is also driven by pesticides, where.lambda.-Cyhalothrin, Chlorothalonil, and Cyfluthrin contribute 27%, 22%, and 19%, respectively, to this impact. Updates to SCC mapping enable emissions from lawn and garden equipment to be divided between commercial and residential use. The additional data records are national flow totals by sectors that serve as data inputs in model building. The model datasets can all be reproduced with open source software packages. In v2.0, withdrawals are calculated for 64 crops identified in the 2017 USDA CoA. These novel elements as well as model fundamentals are described in this paper. In v2.0, these data sources are used to allocate MLU land use categories to relevant sectors. Read more about NETL's work here. Step 3: Improve and expand emissions estimate over time. Where particular elementary flows are reported in each dataset, flows are maintained from the DMR when a facility reports to both. The MLU land use categories are further allocated to 6-digit NAICS, modeled on Zeng and Ramaswamis methodology37. Collectively there are small decreases in ACID in most sectors. P is a commodity x year currency year adjustment matrix. The earlier versions of USEEIO used the BLS National Employment Matrix, which also publishes employment data by NAICS sector codes5. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. figshare https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.17145878.v1 (2022). Environmental flows are transformed from source data schema, typically NAICS 2012 codes, to USEEIO schema (e.g. Other agricultural commodities show the inverse change in v2.0, where the agricultural output in v2.0 is higher and thus the pesticide release and related impact intensities are lower. All the indicator datasets were produced by the LCIA formatter v1.0.162,63, which like the environmental and employment data had been harmonized with the FEDEFL. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1524311 (2021). Fresh soybeans, canola, flaxseeds, and other oilseeds and Fresh wheat, corn, rice, and other grains). In past models, nonpoint air emissions from industrial combustion were not mapped to sectors due to insufficient data. This subset describes the waste flows from the receiving facilities point of view, ideal for tracking the information regarding how the waste is managed. Report No. Metadata Updated: January 28, 2022 Tables presenting supply chain and margin emission factors and data quality scores for US commodities and industries calculated from USEEIO models at two levels of commodity/industry categorization, detail and summary, for both industries and commodity, and annually from 2010-2016. When imports are greater than final consumption and exports for a given commodity, the demand value will be negative. To obtain an allocation percentage for the industries that consume Waste management and remediation services commodity (i.e. Using research and expertise from staff to guide us, we are committed to improving WRI's environmental performance. The model indicators are put in the form of an indicator x flow matrix, C, where the values are the quantitative relation of the flows to the indicator value, also known as characterization factors in the life cycle impact assessment literature. The relative contribution, rc of a commodity, c, to an impact intensity coefficient from N for a given indicator, n, can be calculated using Eq. U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis https://www.bea.gov/products/industry-economic-accounts/underlying-estimates (2020). Google Scholar. For the disaggregated waste management sectors, the Make table intersection represents the amount of the Waste management and remediation services commodities (rows) produced by each of the waste management industries (columns). Themodified methodology results in significant sector disparities within agriculture, construction, retailing, finance, and household sectors. These values are included the WasteDisaggaregation_Use sheet in the primary data record in the Use table intersection rows. Where the BLS is missing data, less aggregated NAICS are summed, or more aggregated NAICS are equally allocated. The USEEIO Modeling Framework for USEEIO v2.09 provides an overview of the source code along with links to useeior and supporting software packages. The literature assessing the environmental impacts of household consumption is mostly focused on developed economies, thus, leaving a critical gap when it comes to assessing the impacts of household consumption and of related environmental policies in developing countries . Allocation for this sector is described in the Make table intersection disaggregation section. The National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is using USEEIO to model the life cycle impacts of power plant infrastructure. The left side is the original flow by industry totals, Ei, put into a flow x commodity form, Ec. The Make table rows represent which waste management industries (rows) produce commodities (columns) other that waste management. The original environmental and employment data were all produced by from flowsa v1.0.126, whereas environmental datasets originally created for v1 USEEIO models5,7 were mapped and reformatted. Amazons Carbon Footprint This article references the work completed to create the Pathzero US EEIO emissions multipliers used in the Pathzero platform. The decline in impact intensity for Tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, peanuts, sugar beets, herbs and spices and other crops is attributed to correcting an error in the v1.2 calculation. The flow-by-sector method names for the corresponding datasets are shown in Table9. U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development (ORD) https://doi.org/10.23719/1526371 (2017). The direct impacts of a sector in a given indicator unit per model dollar year, can be calculated with Eq. Checking that national flow totals by sector used as inputs to the model can be recalculated using appropriate model components serves as the primary means of full model validation. 13. Circular 1200 https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1200 (1998). How to use EEIO model within Sustainability Manager: The quantity equals the cost, and the company spend code is used as reference data. The Use table intersection represents the consumption of the Waste management and remediation services commodity by the Waste management and remediation services industry itself. The disaggregation process is carried out by disaggregating distinct sections of the Use and Make tables. v2.0 builds on the flow sector attribution modeling approach taken to construct national commercial waste totals8, by estimating totals by industries defined by NAICS codes.
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