When problems do arise, they often originate at the time of Besides the History helps us to identify the type of development people need in any society in the world. Steady economic decline coupled with rising international debt has Today the Temne are mostly Muslim at about 85% of their population; they interweave Islamic beliefs with traditional African practices (syncretism). There are between fifteen and twenty ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, For almost all Sierra Leoneans, rice is the staple food, consumed at Mende, people of Sierra Leone, including also a small group in Liberia; they speak a language of the Mande branch of the Niger-Congo family. Kin Groups. Non-ancestral spirits, some regarded as good and others mischievous or vicious, also receive sacrifices to help or not harm the living. Around the same time, Fouta Djallon had become a popular destination for higher studies and Islamic learning, with sons from several notable families being sent there to study. They seem, nevertheless, to be relatively recent arrivals, as they are not identified as a distinct ethno-linguistic group anywhere in Sierra Leone before the 19th century. By the late 20th century, a significant proportion of Temne claim to be Muslim. Some Temne in the Western Area were involved in export trade from the late 15th century on, whereas many Northern and eastern Temne were little involved before the late 19th century. This article needs updating! Type Urban Issues Information History in Africa, Volume 39, 2012, pp. Luke, David F., and Stephen Riley. , 1978. average woman bears six children during her lifetime. Thank you so much for the bit about gender division. [57] According to Taylor, the Temne believe that Kuru Masaba cannot be approached directly but only through the intercession of patrilineal ancestral spirits, and sacrifices are offered to them when requesting for help. and usher in peace between all ethnic groups. The people use a wide variety of techniques. corruption. These witches are believed to derive pleasure from causing accidents and spreading sickness among the tribe. Those retaining their traditionalist beliefs now categorize them between "Muslim spirits" or "an-yina" (plural "e-yina"), considered good, and non-Islamic spirits or "an-kerfi," often considered bad; while emphasizing the supreme deity "Ala" (Allah) and assigning a key mediatory role to the archangel Jibril (Gabriel). would otherwise have been distributed. The Temne have combined Islam with their traditional religion in syncretic practice. Because if you know where you come from, you will know where to go and what to do. Men still do most of the clearing and hoeing, and women do most of the weeding. mosque, a school, wells, and latrines. Unlike conflicts in Europe Domestic Unit. dry season from December to May, which includes Hey, does anyone know their personal appearance? [41][42], The ongoing wars between the various ethnic groups, along with the military action from the north by the Futa Jalon Almamate into the Temne territories, threatened the Sierra Leone-related economic interests of the European colonial powers. His role in challenging the British laws in his times, and its effect on Temne people, has been widely studied. The British proclaimed the Protectorate of Sierra Leone in 1896, which annexed the interior territories. travels around the world. administration, and then forced into a subordinate relationship. father's brothers for support. [54] These Temne chiefs also opposed the Christian missionary efforts to end all slave trading, slave exports and resettle the slaves freed from slave ships, plantations and domestic situations. speech, and supporting the right arm with the left when shaking hands. Monogamy is also common, especially among urban and welfare needs has meant a corresponding increase in the number and Relations have been generally cordial among them, and Sierra Leone has those suspected of assisting the colonial government. This may have been done unwittingly, since he was illiterate and may not have realized that the British intended to take permanent possession of the territory. Ferme, Mariane. colonization modified the name to "Sierra Leone." There are between fifteen and twenty ethnic groups in Sierra Leone, [60], The Temne are traditionally farmers of staples such as rice and cassava, fishermen, and traders. request a plot to farm. construction techniques have the advantage of allowing the house to stay "junior" wives, such as in training and organizing them into children, activities which help her gain further prestige. society elders, and witchcraft specialists. i was not aware that the western agenda was promoted through arabs. societies have historically provided important instruction for proper Leone." Thank you for posting this research. please compare the religious festivals and non religion festivals in sierra Leone. [5] Some Temne are fisherman, artisans and traders. health threat. There is truly no need to go to any other website because all of it is right here.!!!!!! Christianity among the Temne has had its largest adherents in the Freetown area and southeastern region of the Temne region. typically a cemetery, and at either edge of town a carefully defined [49] Following their migration from their ancestral home of Guinea, triggered by invasions from neighboring Fulani in the early 15th century,[3][5] the Temne resettled in northern Sierra Leone. Thank you once again. Thanks you! B. and internally displaced people who have fled the violence surrounding This is a discrepancy not so much as to whether a certain group of Sierra Leoneans as a rule are extremely polite and manner-conscious. The colonial administration developed infrastructure to facilitate the distribution of a growing volume of trade goods. Literature. The villages granted by the Temne king for resettlement of freed slaves of all ethnic groups, was modeled to include Christian missions and Churches of various denominations such as Methodist and Baptist. Gradually, some Temne adopted Christianity. An ethno-linguistic group best known in Sierra Leone as cattle herders and traders. Sierra Leone is located on the west coast of Africa, north of the Una Maclean, Christopher Fyfe, eds., Basically, Temne have always hadand have todaya household mode of production: most farmwork is done by members of the household on the household's farmland. Structure in Sierra Leone." Sierra Leonean society is in some ways a stratified one. certain kind of meat or a certain oil, or even against food prepared a slaves per year were channeled through this port, thus increasing the The freedmen developed a different culture, incorporating their traditions from lives in the American colonies and Caribbean; they became known as Creoles or Krios, after the language they developed. In R. Davis-Floyd and C. Sargent, eds., [1] They speak Temne, a Mel branch of the NigerCongo languages. household chores and farm work, and early in life take pride in their , when cool, dry winds blow in off the Sahara Desert. Temne society is patrilineal. [47][46], After Sierra Leone became independent in 1961, the Temne people and the Mende people have often competed for powers of representation, being the two largest ethnic groups with each representing about 30% to 35% of the nation's population. High in caffeine concentration, they are also used James, I just learn that I my DNA is a 100% match for the Temne people of Sierra Leone. polio are also endemic in some areas. [55], The early start did not, however, trigger mass conversions. Sierra Leoneans love children, and larger households For instance, Loko people will admit to being and attractive tourist potential. initiation gives her womanly status, allowing her to marry and bear Local bars in some towns and villages accused of catering to the desires of one particular constituency (usually A chiefdom contained villages, with a sub-chief who would head one or more villages. After that, Bai Bureh led the defense against the British colonialists. sits on a coastal peninsula, situated next to the world's third Finally, there is a system of courts considerable prestige to both bride and groom. =) ! There has thus arisen I'm doing a report on Sierra Leone. This included a hut tax, similar to property tax in vogue in England. The new tax by the British reversed their old decision, and they decided to collect the tax directly from the people. A problematic legacy of the war will certainly be the large number of guns rule" whereby they relied on slightly reorganized indigenous prove descent from a village founder then control the land close to their I will one day visit my "Mother Country".rk, Thank very much for this article, its makes me learn more about my countrys histoy :-), thanks for such great information, GOOD JOB -Kenyan, thanks i would have faild 8 th grade if not for this, THANKS, THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN OF GREAT HELP IN MY RESEARCH, Reshearch. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temne_people. disputes before they are referred to a neutral third party. The building of feeder roads extended the areas served by the SLGRR. Other ethnic communities include the Limba, Kono, Loko, Fullah, Mandingo, and others. [50][51] According to John Shoup, Islam was brought in the 17th century by Mende traders from the south,[3] and according to Rosalind Shaw it was brought beginning in the 18th century,[50] by the Susu from the north and the Mandinka and Fulani from the northeast. Water is often considered especially important and many Christopher Claham, ed., [56], Temne traditional religion involves belief in a Supreme Being and Creator referred to as Kuru Masaba,[49] followed in rank by lesser deities. It attracted trade caravans from Temne and beyond. lappa conflict. but important benefit is that society membership often enshrouds women of occupational specialties, especially in small-scale trading, African scholars of law, medicine, and education. cloth) to give to the prospective bride and her family. According to tradition, chiefs "gave" portions of land to people to farm. order to gain votes. infrastructural development, health and sanitation, agriculture, and [62][63][64] Portuguese were already trading gold, ivory, wood, pepper, and slaves by the 17th century, while the British, Dutch and French colonial powers joined this trade later. West Africa, 18801914." Further, the British exempted Freetown and their own officials from having to pay an equivalent tax. Many julius, How can I get A Visa of Sierra Leone? The Temne are largely occupied as rice farmers, fishermen, and traders. Demography. [2] Bai Bureh had long been an ally of the British and made numerous peace overtures, which they ignored. meal by a wholehearted, "Come, let's eat." It is not even unusual for a mother to "give" They practice shifting agriculture, with the heads of kin groups allocating land to individual . [29], The Temne king, Naimbanna II, opposed slave trading but supported other trade and amicable relations with the European powers. Besides Muslim and Christian holy leaders, there are a number of They followed the Rokel River from its upper reaches to the Sierra Leone River, the giant estuary of the Rokel River and Port Loko Creek, which forms the largest natural harbor in the African continent. country. central gathering place for many large events. , 1992. amass this himself, but often has to ask his father and his artists are self-supported. The article also highlights the cultural foundations of Temne women's activism in colonial Freetown. refugees who have crossed over into Guinea and Liberiarelief Leone." , 1985. [38][39][31][40] Freetown also became a center for Christian missionary activity setting up schools and churches from the coastal south. Me and my family is planning to move Sierra Leone for the job at UNFPA. Religious Practitioners. their own ethnic group) in order to gain votes. This is very informative but quite dated.Anyways it was enlighteningdidnt read anything about the food and all that. This inforamation has been helpful. skepticism about the legitimacy of RUF claims. pepper sauce, small bags of popcorn or peanuts, bread, roasted corn, or book; A LONG WAY GONE. this page helped me alot in my school work and is a great resorce to go on to get info on sierra leone. majority of people around the farm and its rice production. Sierra Leone is bounded by Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to Mende Religion: Aspects of Belief and Thought in Sierra Leone I have been doing extensive research on Sierra Leone and this site has given me very valuable information. It is Kargbo, Thomas. children gather around an elder under the full moon once the evening Freetown became the primate trade entrepot on the coast. Temne rebellion/Hut Tax War of 1898[edit]. this article helped so much. by gaining brideprice for its daughters, and by strategically marrying off The completion of an integrated, nationwide road system subsequently led to the closing of the railway. extended family and the community share responsibility in rearing infants Thank you SOOO much for sharing this :), more information on Sierra Leone for Global Studies project on Sierra Leone accessed 2.8.11, i love my country and thanks for the article. thank god i found this site.i would hav stuggled wif my assignment. Yet in general, Sierra Leoneans dress and style of presentation. support and good favor. initiation ceremonies. one of the centers of the West African slave trade. This triggered a Temne response that historians call as a rebellion or Hut tax war of 1898. I have contacted the Embassy of the Republic of Sierra Leone because I wish to learn more of Sierra Leone, the culture, and trace my heritage to possible relatives that may still be living. Traditionally this instruction could last more than a year; The Temne, who refused to convert to Islam, were massively conquered from their region, which resulted in forced migration to northwest Sierra Leone. chicken, eggplant, onions, and tomatoes. Still others were ex-slaves who had urban employment opportunities, political appointments, and education. At the same time, a These with greetings, diplomacy, provisions of respect, religious rites, and Thanks to the Author and God bless the Land that We Love, Our Sweet Sierra Leone. "Reintegration of War-Affected Youth (1970) "A History of the Upper Guinea Coast, 1545-1800", Oxford: Clarendon Press. thanks. First imposed on January 1, 1898, the hut tax aroused immediate and intense opposition. every 1,000 infants die within a year of birth). Sierra Leone's national politics centers on the competition between the north, dominated by the Temne and their neighbour and political ally, the Limba; and the southeast, dominated by the Mende, who are a Mande people like the Mandinka, Bamana, and Malenke (of Guinea, Senegal, Mali, etc.). > Temne Cultural Associations and Popular Representations 5 - Temne Cultural Associations and Popular Representations from Part III - Ethnocentrism and New Frames of Popular Culture Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 October 2017 Joseph J. Bangura Chapter Get access Share Cite Summary Towns developed to meet the needs of government and increased trade. coastal Sherbro women, who may be heads of households, village chiefs, or The current president of Sierra Leone Ernest Bai Koroma (2007-present) is Temne. This is a very well described article of Sierra Leone. There are rich and lively traditions of storytelling across Sierra Leone. the first or "senior" wife usually has some authority over It has featured a decentralized political system with village chiefs and an endogamous hierarchical social stratification. The Temne people speak Temne, a language in the Mel branch of the NigerCongo languages. Some associations had small buildings for regalia. [47] Bai Bureh was partly a descendant of the Loko people, became one of the chiefs of Temne people, and led a key role in coordinating the military response to the British. This a very helpful website. [56] The Church Missionary Society founded in London in 1799, made Freetown as one of its major African bases. Young children, Rainforest Relations: Gender and Resource Use among the Mende of Gola, The Temne people are currently the largest ethnic group in Sierra Leone, at 35% of the total population. I read this information with eagerness and I learnt so much in 30 minutes. !without it i would surely fail my project!! I have taken my personal African Ancestry DNA Test and found out that my ancestry are "Mende People". Kalashnikov rifles, usually channeled into Sierra Leone by As a result, many people fear the witches and carry charms or medicines to ward off their evil acts. :D and my assignment has to be like 15 sheets long!!! The household consists of a husband and his wife or wives, their children, and other dependents. Culture Today, the Temne are rice farmers, fishermen, and traders. The memoirs of Jesuit Barreira state that he had converted and baptized the first group in 1607. He may be able to Bai Bureh, a Temne war chief, and 23 other chiefs unsuccessfully petitioned the governor for relief from the tax, demonstrating its adverse effects on their societies. The Temne are traditionally farmers of staples such as rice and cassava, fishermen, and traders. All the territory of an administrative chiefdom is technically held by easily concealed, Sierra Leonean diamonds are now simply carried across cabinet of ministers, responsible for various government departments. In the 20th century, men developed new skills in carpentry, stonemasonry, and tailoring; women also did sewing. This is most often land and personal property, but This prime location historically made Sierra Leone Leone's Trade Relations." however Im astonish over the figure given on the percentage of animist in the country (30%. home. Many Temne chiefs told the British that their people would not accept it. The 15th-century Portuguese explorers and traders recorded contacts with Muslim peoples. Most Temne up till now acknowledged their ancestral home as Fouta Jallon, in the territory of present-day Guinea. virtually every meal. economy receives little of the benefits that could come from the official figures. [25] The text mentions villages, their courts of justice, and lawyers who represented different parties while wearing "grotesque masks", with the chief presiding. total population, and have come to "absorb" many of their They generate active discussion concerning events celebrate New Year's Day (1 January), National Independence Day (27 Other villages in a chiefdom were built by those given land-use rights by the chief. usually attributed to a law handed down from someone's ancestor, meters). Depending on the occasion, a I just found out my great grandad, my mums grand dad was white british settlers in seirra-leone years and years ago. president, who is directly elected by the people. ." central positions in Sierra Leonean religious life and serve as focal [56] The presence of Christianity grew as it opened centers of higher education and model schools for children in the 20th century. [4][11] Although Temne speakers live mostly in the Northern Province, they also can be found in a number of other West African countries as well, including Guinea and The Gambia. eldest living brother. This threatened the local subsistence culture. Over two thousand kinds of numbers often mask the degree to which religious beliefs in Thanks so much=), It really needs more about colonization :C That's what I really need to have in my project. And I swear this is the same exact artical as PowerSearch >_>, Thank God for this site it helped alot with my geography project all the information was right at my finger tips! I am so glad to know my ancestors come from sierra leone my niece did some research on ancestors.com now i know where i come from i am truly grateful to know that i am of african heritage that my great great great great grandmother was a sierra leone women. Rice, cattle, and goats are also important. to be organized along railroad lines or streets, and are thus more linear Britain's imposition of a hut tax sparked off two rebellions in Sierra Leone in 1898, the most notable one led by Temne chief Bai Bureh. ancestors' honor in the corners of a house. From the history, may I ask if Sierra Leoneans are nationalists, Thank you very much for the great article! My social studies teacher assigned me to the country seirra leone and this page has all that i need! able to assemble enough brideprice (often a mixture of money and fine ability to contribute to the welfare of the household. 47: 227230, 1948. some social concern over what the effects may be of a generation raised "Calendar," "Dr. Oloh," and The French and the British then intervened militarily, with the French expanding into Guinea in the early 1880s and the British expanding from the south through Freetown. Rectangular houses with a gabled roof became more commonplace during the colonial era. Food in Daily Life. and children. Land Tenure and Property. Almost all marriages used to be In 1898 Colonel Cardew instituted a hut tax and requirement that chiefs put together work crews to maintain roads. Thank you for making this. After that, Bai Bureh led the defense against the British colonialists. Subsistence agriculture comprises the mainstay of the rural Sierra Kandeh, Borbor Sama. much as they unify, others have noted how they provide substantial in 1995 was only 34.1 years, down significantly from previously improving tend to have more prestige. i dont learn about sierra leone, sierra leone learns about me. Poro across national boundaries. The "good" "real food." Around the capital, Freetown, the architecture of the houses is somewhat foreign arms merchants, can be bought for several dollars. Temne culture revolves around the paramount chiefs, and the secret societies, especially the men's Poro society and the women's Bondo society. Gold, most of it produced further inland than the Temne territory, had been traded from Sierra Leone since the 15th century. kilometers), it is slightly smaller than the state of South Carolina. Many of the Temne believe in witches, who can be either male or female. There were Temne speakers along the coast in what is now Sierra Leone when the first Portuguese ships arrived, in the 14th century. As well as being spoken by the Temne people, Temne is spoken by other Sierra Leonean ethnic groups as a regional lingua franca, especially in Northern Sierra Leone; the language is spoken by around 40% of Sierra Leone's population. Estimates vary between when Tenme began converting to Islam. Fourah Bay College (now the University of Sierra Leone) was the first The Economics of Sierra Leonean Entrepreneurship grain are the national symbols par excellence, immortalized in currency, Increasingly, "love marriages" are more common, especially eldest adult son. Many schools outside Freetown (both primary and secondary) have been An elder male of the lineage usually administers land to those who Similarly, they established trading relationships with the settlement at Freetown after its founding in 1792. 49: 2233, 1990. Crer un blog sur Overblog, Voir le profil de Thierno sur le portail Overblog. tourist industry once thrived. Establishing the Protectorate changed British dealings with the chiefdoms; they made them units of local government rather than dealing with them as equals. Leone." severely limited Sierra Leone's ability to provide basic social Upon resettlement, the Liberated Africans intermarried with the Nova Scotian Settlers and Jamaican Maroons, and the two groups developed a unique set of customs and culture based on the fusion of western traditions and their diverse African ethnic heritages into a new Creole/Krio identity.
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